Crypto-asset capital-gains tax rules enter force

Portugal began taxing crypto-asset capital gains from 1 January 2023 under the 2023 State Budget. Short-term gains (on assets held under 365 days) are taxed at a flat 28% (or optionally under the progressive IRS schedule); long-term gains on assets held at least 365 days remain exempt. Crypto-denominated salary is taxed as regular income.