Madrid Protocol 50-year minerals-prohibition review timing
The Madrid Protocol's prohibition on mineral-resource activity is subject to automatic review after 50 years from the Protocol's entry-into-force (14 January 1998) — therefore from January 2048. Any modification requires consensus among all Consultative Parties at that time. Discussions through 2024–2025 have reinforced political momentum to maintain the prohibition.
Who it affects: Long-horizon geopolitical context for all Antarctic governance.
Antarctic Treaty System Secretariat ↗ · verified 2026-04-19